The primary purpose of the cardiac examination is to assess the structure and function of the heart as a muscular pump and to evaluate it for possible malfunctions. Because heart disease is so common ...

What is a V wave in the jugular venous pulse and when is it accentuated? A V wave in the jugular venous pulse represents venous filling of the right atrium when the tricuspid valve is closed. In ...

BACKGROUND: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with the method of partial jugular venous occlusion (JVO) has been introduced to measure cerebral venous saturation (CVSO2) at the bedside. As ...

What is a “cannon A wave” in the jugular venous pulse? A “cannon A wave” occurs when the right atrium contracts against a closed tricuspid valve causing a large pulsation to occur in the jugular ...