Number theory | Definition, Topics, & History | Britannica
Nov 20, 2025 · number theory, branch of mathematics concerned with properties of the positive integers (1, 2, 3, …). Sometimes called “higher arithmetic,” it is among the oldest and most natural of …
Mathematics - Number Theory, Algorithms, Equations | Britannica
Nov 11, 2025 · Beginning with Nicomachus of Gerasa (flourished c. 100 ce), several writers produced collections expounding a much simpler form of number theory. A favourite result is the representation …
number theory summary | Britannica
number theory, Branch of mathematics concerned with properties of and relations among integers. It is a popular subject among amateur mathematicians and students because of the wealth of seemingly …
Number theory - Euclid, Prime Numbers, Divisibility | Britannica
Nov 20, 2025 · As mathematics filtered from the Islamic world to Renaissance Europe, number theory received little serious attention. The period from 1400 to 1650 saw important advances in geometry, …
Modular arithmetic | Number Theory, Congruence & Algorithms
Nov 12, 2025 · number theory, branch of mathematics concerned with properties of the positive integers (1, 2, 3, …). Sometimes called “higher arithmetic,” it is among the oldest and most natural of …
Riemann hypothesis | Prime Numbers, Zeta Function & Complex …
Nov 6, 2025 · number theory, branch of mathematics concerned with properties of the positive integers (1, 2, 3, …). Sometimes called “higher arithmetic,” it is among the oldest and most natural of …
Number theory - Prime, Distribution, Theorem | Britannica
Nov 20, 2025 · Number theory - Prime, Distribution, Theorem: One of the supreme achievements of 19th-century mathematics was the prime number theorem, and it is worth a brief digression.
Riemann zeta function | Analytic Properties, Complex Analysis ...
Nov 21, 2025 · number theory, branch of mathematics concerned with properties of the positive integers (1, 2, 3, …). Sometimes called “higher arithmetic,” it is among the oldest and most natural of …
Set theory | Symbols, Examples, & Formulas | Britannica
Oct 30, 2025 · Between the years 1874 and 1897, the German mathematician and logician Georg Cantor created a theory of abstract sets of entities and made it into a mathematical discipline. This …
Number theory - Fermat, Math, Puzzles | Britannica
Nov 20, 2025 · Credit for bringing number theory into the mainstream, for finally realizing Fermat’s dream, is due to the 18th century’s dominant mathematical figure, the Swiss Leonhard Euler (1707–83).